Biogenic silver,gold and copper nanoparticles - A sustainable green chemistry approach for cancer therapy

The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized the way clinicians are treating cancers. Treatment for cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, and now nano therapy, which could be a possible alternative. This new treatment regime can be beneficial since it shows minimum side effects as compared to other treatment methods. Metallic nanoparticles synthesized through green chemistry by using biological entities minimizes the side effects and enhances the properties of the metal against cancer cells. These green nanoparticles are widely used in research and have shown promising cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, these nanoparticles can enter the cancer cell and cause cell death by the activation of various molecular pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. This review focuses on the metal nanoparticles (silver, gold and copper) synthesized by the green chemistry approach that have been utilized to study the cancer cell death and we are also discussing the underlying molecular pathways.     

桑色素-Cu2+配位分子印迹聚合物制备及其固相萃取应用

目的 制备桑色素-Cu²⁺配位分子印迹聚合物，对桑枝中桑色素进行分离富集。方法 在Cu²⁺存在下，丙烯酰胺为功能单体，在水-甲醇极性溶剂中制备桑色素-Cu²⁺配位分子印迹聚合物，以该聚合物为填料固相萃取桑枝中桑色素。结果 所制备配位分子印迹聚合物对桑色素具有较强的特异性、选择性吸附，最大吸附量82 μmol/g，远大于以氢键为作用力的传统印迹聚合物及非印迹聚合物；对桑色素结构类似物大豆素、儿茶素的分离因子分别为4.81、4.02。对比桑枝固相萃取淋洗液、洗脱液组成，所制备配位印迹聚合物对桑枝中桑色素表现出明显的富集效果。结论 制备的桑色素配位分子印迹聚合物环境适应性好，选择性吸附能力强，是适用于天然产物有效成分桑色素分离富集的良好材料。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术的抗病毒颗粒治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的潜在物质基础研究

目的通过网络药理学及分子对接技术探寻抗病毒颗粒治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的潜在物质基础。方法借助TCMSP检索抗病毒颗粒中板蓝根、连翘、石膏、知母、芦根、地黄、广藿香、石菖蒲、郁金的化学成分和作用靶点。通过Uni Prot数据库查询靶点对应的基因,进而运用Cytoscape3.6.1构建药材-化合物-靶点(基因)网络,通过DAVID进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析,预测其作用机制,将药材-化合物-靶点网络中排名前15的成分与新型冠状病毒(SARS-Co V-2)3CL水解酶进行分子对接,同时将比枯枯灵、木犀草素、槲皮素与血管紧张素转化酶Ⅱ(ACE2)进行分子对接。结果药材-化合物-靶点(基因)网络包含药材8个、化合物75个、靶点255个。GO功能富集分析得到GO条目161个(P0.05),其中生物过程(BP)条目65个,细胞组成(CC)条目36个,分子功能(MF)条目60个。KEGG通路富集筛选得到131条信号通路(P0.05)。分子对接结果显示抗病毒颗粒中比枯枯灵、木犀草素、槲皮素等核心活性化合物与SARS-Co V-23CL水解酶的亲和力与临床推荐化学药相似。结论抗病毒颗粒中的活性化合物比枯枯灵、木犀草素、槲皮素等能通过与ACE2结合作用于PTGS2、HSP90AB1、PTGS1等靶点调节多条信号通路,从而可能发挥对COVID-19的治疗作用。     

EOS® imaging: Concept and current applications in spinal disorders

EOS® imaging is a proprietary imaging technology that was launched in 2007. Based on a gaseous particle detector with a multi-wire proportional chamber, it offers several advantages over other imaging modalities: low dose of radiation, ability to create 3D reconstructions, ability to conduct whole body imaging, high reproducibility in measuring various parameters of alignment and faster imaging time. EOS® imaging is slowly gaining widespread acceptance as its applications in various disorders continue to evolve. It has been found to be particularly useful and has opened up new avenues of research in the field of spinal deformities. This narrative review seeks to provide an overview of the proprietary technology behind EOS® imaging, compare it to existing imaging modalities, summarize its current applications in various spinal disorders and outline its limitations.     

Association of psychosocial adversity and social information processing in children raised in a low-resource setting: an fNIRS study

Social cognition skills and socioemotional development are compromised in children growing up in low SES contexts, however, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. Exposure to psychosocial risk factors early in life alters the child’s social milieu and in turn, could lead to atypical processing of social stimuli. In this study, we used functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure cortical responses to a social discrimination task in children raised in a low-resource setting at 6, 24, and 36 months. In addition, we assessed the relation between cortical responses to social and non-social information with psychosocial risk factors assessed using the Childhood Psychosocial Adversity Scale (CPAS). In line with previous findings, we observed specialization to social stimuli in cortical regions in all age groups. In addition, we found that risk factors were associated with social discrimination at 24 months (intimate partner violence and verbal abuse and family conflict) and 36 months (verbal abuse and family conflict and maternal depression) but not at 6 months. Overall, the results show that exposure to psychosocial adversity has more impact on social information processing in toddlerhood than earlier in infancy     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术的款冬花在清肺排毒汤治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）中的作用分析

目的采用网络药理学和分子对接法分析款冬花在清肺排毒汤治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)中发挥的作用。方法基于课题组前期研究,确定款冬花中的主要成分。采用SwissTargetPrediction和BATMAN-TCM数据库对款冬花主要化学成分的潜在靶点进行整理;在GenCLiP 3和GeneCard数据库搜索COVID-19相关靶点,运用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件绘制款冬花成分-靶点-疾病网络图;使用String数据库构建靶点PPI网络;通过DAVID数据库进行GO富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析;将各成分与新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)3CL水解酶和血管紧张素转化酶II(ACE2)进行分子对接。结果款冬花治疗COVID-19的化合物-靶点-疾病网络包含化合物14个、靶点104个、疾病4个。GO功能富集分析得到GO条目444个(P0.05),其中包括生物过程(BP)条目325个、细胞组成(CC)条目44个、分子功能(MF)条目75个。KEGG通路富集筛选得到94条信号通路(P0.05)。分子对接结果显示异绿原酸B(3,4-dicaffeoylquinicacid)和异绿原酸C(4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid)与蛋白的亲和力要优于瑞德西韦。结论款冬花中主要化合物能通过与SARS-Co V-2 3CL水解酶和ACE2结合,作用于多靶点调节多条信号通路,从而发挥对COVID-19的防治作用。     

儿童室管膜瘤的临床研究进展

室管膜瘤是一种原发于神经上皮的中枢神经系统肿瘤，病变累及脑和脊髓，多发于儿童。基因分型的新分类方法，为室管膜瘤的治疗和预后评估提供了更为可靠的依据。室管膜瘤对辅助治疗的敏感性低是造成患儿预后较差的重要原因之一。该文对近年来儿童室管膜瘤的分型、诊断、治疗策略等进行综述。     

金银花分子生物学研究进展

分子生物学(molecular biology)是从分子水平阐明生命现象和本质的科学,其发展为传统生药学的研究提供了新的生物技术和方法。金银花作为常用大宗药材之一,国内外学者在深入研究传统方法的基础上,采用分子生物学手段对其展开真伪鉴别、品质评价和控制等方面的相关研究,并取得了一定成果。该文主要综述了近年来分子生物学技术方法在金银花鉴别、有效成分生物合成的分子机制以及胁迫条件下次生代谢产物积累的分子机制研究,并针对基于杂交技术的标记(RFLP)、基于PCR的分子标记(RAPD,AFLP,SSR,ISSR)和基于DNA序列分析的SNP及DNA条形码对金银花的多样性识别、诊断、鉴定等方面进行了详细的总结,同时提出可以采用多组学技术,构建系统生物学技术和平台,建立次生代谢产物生物合成的相关模型,从而更好地研究金银花活性成分生物合成的分子机制以及药用植物在环境胁迫下的相关代谢产物的合成和积累等生命活动规律并进行调控,为进一步推动金银花现代化及其他中药资源的开发利用提供支撑与参考。     

Cabozantinib for relapsed neuroblastoma: Single institution case series

Relapsed high‐risk neuroblastoma has few effective therapies currently available or in development. Cabozantinib is an Food and Drug Administration approved multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for select adult malignancies with preclinical data suggesting efficacy against neuroblastoma. A safe and tolerable dose has been identified for children, but its efficacy remains unknown. We describe four children with relapsed metastatic neuroblastoma treated with cabozantinib. All four patients had extended disease control (two complete responsesfor >12 months, 2 stable disease >6 months) with manageable predictable toxicities requiring dose reduction in two patients. We discuss the potential for the use of cabozantinib in neuroblastoma.